基于XML管理Bean
1. 工程准备
搭建子模块spring6-ioc-xml 拷贝beans.xml、log4j2.xml到spring6-ioc-xml的resource目录下面
2 获取bean
2.1 根据id获取
由于id属性指定了bean的唯一标识,所以根据bean标签的id属性可以精确获取到一个组件对象。
@Test
public void testHelloWorld1(){
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
HelloWorld bean = ac.getBean("helloWorld");
bean.sayHello();
}
1.2 根据类型获取
@Test
public void testHelloWorld2(){
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
HelloWorld bean = ac.getBean(HelloWorld.class);
bean.sayHello();
}
1.3 根据id和类型
@Test
public void testHelloWorld2(){
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
HelloWorld bean = ac.getBean("helloworld", HelloWorld.class);
bean.sayHello();
}
1.4 根据接口类型可以获取bean
编写UserDao.java和UserDaoImpl.java文件以及配置beans.xml:
public interface UserDao {
void getUser();
}
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao{
@Override
public void getUser() {
System.out.println("User info");
}
}
<bean id="userDao" class="com.rocket.spring.UserDaoImpl"></bean>
测试运行:
public class ApplicationTest {
private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ApplicationTest.class);
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
UserDao userDao = ac.getBean(UserDao.class);
userDao.getUser();
logger.info("执行完成");
}
}
运行结果:
注意
- 当根据类型获取bean时,要求IOC容器中指定类型的bean有且只能有一个:
<!-- 当IOC容器中配置了两个相同类 -->
<bean id="helloworldOne" class="com.rocket.spring.HelloWorld"></bean>
<bean id="helloworldTwo" class="com.rocket.spring.HelloWorld"></bean>
根据类型获取时会抛出异常:org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.rocket.spring.HelloWorld' available: expected single matching bean but found 2: helloworldOne,helloworldTwo
2. 如果一个接口有多个实现类,这些实现类都配置了bean,根据接口类型可以获取bean吗?
不行,因为bean不唯一
根据类型来获取bean时,在满足bean唯一性的前提下,其实只是看:『对象 instanceof 指定的类型』的返回结果,只要返回的是true就可以认定为和类型匹配,能够获取到。
java中,instanceof
运算符用于判断前面的对象是否是后面的类,或其子类、实现类的实例。如果是返回true,否则返回false。也就是说:用instanceof
关键字做判断时,instanceof
操作符的左右操作必须有继承或实现关系
3. 依赖注入之setter注入
- 创建学生类Student和配置beans.xml:
<bean id="studentOne" class="com.rocket.spring.Student">
<!-- property标签:通过组件类的setXxx()方法给组件对象设置属性 -->
<!-- name属性:指定属性名(这个属性名是getXxx()、setXxx()方法定义的,和成员变量无关) -->
<!-- value属性:指定属性值 -->
<property name="id" value="1001"></property>
<property name="name" value="张三"></property>
<property name="age" value="23"></property>
<property name="sex" value="男"></property>
</bean>
public class Student {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Integer age;
private String sex;
public Student() {
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
- 测试运行:
@Test
public void testDIBySet(){
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-di.xml");
Student studentOne = ac.getBean("studentOne", Student.class);
System.out.println(studentOne);
}
4. 依赖注入之构造器注入
在Student类中添加有参构造函数,添加配置到beans.xml:
public Student(Integer id, String name, Integer age, String sex) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.sex = sex;
}
<bean id="studentTwo" class="com.rocket.spring.Student">
<constructor-arg value="1002"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg value="李四"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg value="33"></constructor-arg>
<constructor-arg value="女"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
注意
constructor-arg标签还有两个属性可以进一步描述构造器参数:
- index属性:指定参数所在位置的索引(从0开始)
- name属性:指定参数名
5. 特殊值处理
5.1 字面量赋值
什么是字面量? int a = 10;
声明一个变量a,初始化为10,此时a就不代表字母a了,而是作为一个变量的名字。当我们引用a的时候,我们实际上拿到的值是10。
而如果a是带引号的:'a',那么它现在不是一个变量,它就是代表a这个字母本身,这就是字面量。所以字面量没有引申含义,就是我们看到的这个数据本身。比如:
<!-- 使用value属性给bean的属性赋值时,Spring会把value属性的值看做字面量 -->
<property name="name" value="张三"/>
5.2 null值
<property name="name">
<null />
</property>
注意:<property name="name" value="null"></property>
以上写法,为name所赋的值是字符串null
5.3 xml实体
<!-- 小于号在XML文档中用来定义标签的开始,不能随便使用 -->
<!-- 解决方案一:使用XML实体来代替 -->
<property name="expression" value="a < b"/>
5.4 CDATA节点
<property name="expression">
<!-- 解决方案二:使用CDATA节 -->
<!-- CDATA中的C代表Character,是文本、字符的含义,CDATA就表示纯文本数据 -->
<!-- XML解析器看到CDATA节就知道这里是纯文本,就不会当作XML标签或属性来解析 -->
<!-- 所以CDATA节中写什么符号都随意 -->
<value><![CDATA[a < b]]></value>
</property>
6. 为对象类型属性赋值
创建班级类Clazz, 修改Student类, 在Student类中添加以下代码:
private Clazz clazz;
public Clazz getClazz() {
return clazz;
}
public void setClazz(Clazz clazz) {
this.clazz = clazz;
}
public class Clazz {
private Integer clazzId;
private String clazzName;
public Integer getClazzId() {
return clazzId;
}
public void setClazzId(Integer clazzId) {
this.clazzId = clazzId;
}
public String getClazzName() {
return clazzName;
}
public void setClazzName(String clazzName) {
this.clazzName = clazzName;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Clazz{" +
"clazzId=" + clazzId +
", clazzName='" + clazzName + '\'' +
'}';
}
public Clazz() {
}
public Clazz(Integer clazzId, String clazzName) {
this.clazzId = clazzId;
this.clazzName = clazzName;
}
}
6.1 引用外部bean
beans.xml中配置Clazz类型的bean:
<bean id="clazzOne" class="com.rocket.spring.Clazz">
<property name="clazzId" value="1111"></property>
<property name="clazzName" value="财源滚滚班"></property>
</bean>
为Student中的clazz属性赋值:
<bean id="studentFour" class="com.rocket.spring.Student">
<property name="id" value="1004"></property>
<property name="name" value="赵六"></property>
<property name="age" value="26"></property>
<property name="sex" value="女"></property>
<!-- ref属性:引用IOC容器中某个bean的id,将所对应的bean为属性赋值 -->
<property name="clazz" ref="clazzOne"></property>
</bean>
错误演示:
<bean id="studentFour" class="com.rocket.spring.Student">
<property name="id" value="1004"></property>
<property name="name" value="赵六"></property>
<property name="age" value="26"></property>
<property name="sex" value="女"></property>
<property name="clazz" value="clazzOne"></property>
</bean>
如果错把ref属性写成了value属性,会抛出异常: Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Cannot convert value of type 'java.lang.String' to required type 'com.rocket.spring.Clazz' for property 'clazz': no matching editors or conversion strategy found
意思是不能把String类型转换成我们要的Clazz类型,说明我们使用value属性时,Spring只把这个属性看做一个普通的字符串,不会认为这是一个bean的id,更不会根据它去找到bean来赋值。
6.2 内部bean
<bean id="studentFour" class="com.rocket.spring.Student">
<property name="id" value="1004"></property>
<property name="name" value="赵六"></property>
<property name="age" value="26"></property>
<property name="sex" value="女"></property>
<property name="clazz">
<!-- 在一个bean中再声明一个bean就是内部bean -->
<!-- 内部bean只能用于给属性赋值,不能在外部通过IOC容器获取,因此可以省略id属性 -->
<bean id="clazzInner" class="com.rocket.spring.Clazz">
<property name="clazzId" value="2222"></property>
<property name="clazzName" value="远大前程班"></property>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
6.3 级联属性赋值
<bean id="studentFour" class="com.rocket.spring.Student">
<property name="id" value="1004"></property>
<property name="name" value="赵六"></property>
<property name="age" value="26"></property>
<property name="sex" value="女"></property>
<property name="clazz" ref="clazzOne"></property>
<property name="clazz.clazzId" value="3333"></property>
<property name="clazz.clazzName" value="最强王者班"></property>
</bean>
7. 为数组类型属性赋值
修改Student类, 在Student类中添加以下代码:
private String[] hobbies;
public String[] getHobbies() {
return hobbies;
}
public void setHobbies(String[] hobbies) {
this.hobbies = hobbies;
}
<bean id="studentFour" class="com.rocket.spring.Student">
<property name="id" value="1004"></property>
<property name="name" value="赵六"></property>
<property name="age" value="26"></property>
<property name="sex" value="女"></property>
<!-- ref属性:引用IOC容器中某个bean的id,将所对应的bean为属性赋值 -->
<property name="clazz" ref="clazzOne"></property>
<property name="hobbies">
<array>
<value>抽烟</value>
<value>喝酒</value>
<value>烫头</value>
</array>
</property>
</bean>
8. 为集合类型属性赋值
8.1 为List集合类型属性赋值
在Clazz类中添加以下代码, 配置beans.xml:
private List<Student> students;
public List<Student> getStudents() {
return students;
}
public void setStudents(List<Student> students) {
this.students = students;
}
<bean id="clazzTwo" class="com.rocket.spring.Clazz">
<property name="clazzId" value="4444"></property>
<property name="clazzName" value="Javaee0222"></property>
<property name="students">
<list>
<ref bean="studentOne"></ref>
<ref bean="studentTwo"></ref>
<ref bean="studentThree"></ref>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
若为Set集合类型属性赋值,只需要将其中的list
标签改为set
标签即可。
8.2 为Map集合类型属性赋值
创建教师类Teacher, 在Student类中添加以下代码,配置beans.xml:
private Map<String, Teacher> teacherMap;
public Map<String, Teacher> getTeacherMap() {
return teacherMap;
}
public void setTeacherMap(Map<String, Teacher> teacherMap) {
this.teacherMap = teacherMap;
}
public class Teacher {
private Integer teacherId;
private String teacherName;
public Integer getTeacherId() {
return teacherId;
}
public void setTeacherId(Integer teacherId) {
this.teacherId = teacherId;
}
public String getTeacherName() {
return teacherName;
}
public void setTeacherName(String teacherName) {
this.teacherName = teacherName;
}
public Teacher(Integer teacherId, String teacherName) {
this.teacherId = teacherId;
this.teacherName = teacherName;
}
public Teacher() {
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Teacher{" +
"teacherId=" + teacherId +
", teacherName='" + teacherName + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
<bean id="teacherOne" class="com.rocket.spring.Teacher">
<property name="teacherId" value="10010"></property>
<property name="teacherName" value="大宝"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="teacherTwo" class="com.rocket.spring.Teacher">
<property name="teacherId" value="10086"></property>
<property name="teacherName" value="二宝"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="studentFour" class="com.rocket.spring.Student">
<property name="id" value="1004"></property>
<property name="name" value="赵六"></property>
<property name="age" value="26"></property>
<property name="sex" value="女"></property>
<!-- ref属性:引用IOC容器中某个bean的id,将所对应的bean为属性赋值 -->
<property name="clazz" ref="clazzOne"></property>
<property name="hobbies">
<array>
<value>抽烟</value>
<value>喝酒</value>
<value>烫头</value>
</array>
</property>
<property name="teacherMap">
<map>
<entry>
<key>
<value>10010</value>
</key>
<ref bean="teacherOne"></ref>
</entry>
<entry>
<key>
<value>10086</value>
</key>
<ref bean="teacherTwo"></ref>
</entry>
</map>
</property>
</bean>
8.3 引用集合类型的bean
<!--list集合类型的bean-->
<util:list id="students">
<ref bean="studentOne"></ref>
<ref bean="studentTwo"></ref>
<ref bean="studentThree"></ref>
</util:list>
<!--map集合类型的bean-->
<util:map id="teacherMap">
<entry>
<key>
<value>10010</value>
</key>
<ref bean="teacherOne"></ref>
</entry>
<entry>
<key>
<value>10086</value>
</key>
<ref bean="teacherTwo"></ref>
</entry>
</util:map>
<bean id="clazzTwo" class="com.rocket.spring.Clazz">
<property name="clazzId" value="4444"></property>
<property name="clazzName" value="Javaee0222"></property>
<property name="students" ref="students"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="studentFour" class="com.rocket.spring.Student">
<property name="id" value="1004"></property>
<property name="name" value="赵六"></property>
<property name="age" value="26"></property>
<property name="sex" value="女"></property>
<!-- ref属性:引用IOC容器中某个bean的id,将所对应的bean为属性赋值 -->
<property name="clazz" ref="clazzOne"></property>
<property name="hobbies">
<array>
<value>抽烟</value>
<value>喝酒</value>
<value>烫头</value>
</array>
</property>
<property name="teacherMap" ref="teacherMap"></property>
</bean>
使用util:list、util:map
标签必须引入相应的命名空间。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
9. p命名空间
引入p命名空间:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
引入p命名空间后,可以通过以下方式为bean的各个属性赋值:
<bean id="studentSix" class="com.rocket.spring.Student"
p:id="1006" p:name="小明" p:clazz-ref="clazzOne" p:teacherMap-ref="teacherMap"></bean>
10. 引入外部属性文件
①创建外部属性文件jdbc.properties, pom.xml加入相关依赖包, 创建spring-datasource.xml引入属性文件,引入context名称空间:
jdbc.user=root
jdbc.password=root
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm?serverTimezone=UTC
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
<!-- MySQL驱动 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.30</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 数据源 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.2.15</version>
</dependency>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 引入外部属性文件 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
<!-- 使用外部属性 -->
<bean id="druidDataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.user}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
</beans>
在使用<context:property-placeholder>
元素加载外包配置文件功能前,首先需要在XML配置的一级标签 <beans>
中添加 context相关的约束。测试运行:
@Test
public void testDataSource() throws SQLException {
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-datasource.xml");
DataSource dataSource = ac.getBean(DataSource.class);
Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
System.out.println(connection);
}
11. bean的作用域
在Spring中可以通过配置bean标签的scope属性来指定bean的作用域范围,各取值含义参加下表:
取值 | 含义 | 创建对象的时机 |
---|---|---|
singleton(默认) | 在IOC容器中,这个bean的对象始终为单实例 | IOC容器初始化时 |
prototype | 这个bean在IOC容器中有多个实例 | 获取bean时 |
如果是在WebApplicationContext环境下还会有另外几个作用域(但不常用):
取值 | 含义 |
---|---|
request | 在一个请求范围内有效 |
session | 在一个会话范围内有效 |
创建类User, 配置spring-scope.xml:
package com.rocket.spring;
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String username;
private String password;
private Integer age;
public User() {
}
public User(Integer id, String username, String password, Integer age) {
this.id = id;
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
this.age = age;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
<!-- scope属性:取值singleton(默认值),bean在IOC容器中只有一个实例,IOC容器初始化时创建对象 -->
<!-- scope属性:取值prototype,bean在IOC容器中可以有多个实例,getBean()时创建对象 -->
<bean class="com.rocket.spring.User" scope="prototype"></bean>
运行测试:
@Test
public void testBeanScope(){
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-scope.xml");
User user1 = ac.getBean(User.class);
User user2 = ac.getBean(User.class);
System.out.println(user1==user2);
}
12. bean生命周期
- bean对象创建(调用无参构造器)
- 给bean对象设置属性
- bean的后置处理器(初始化之前)
- bean对象初始化(需在配置bean时指定初始化方法)
- bean的后置处理器(初始化之后)
- bean对象就绪可以使用
- bean对象销毁(需在配置bean时指定销毁方法)
- IOC容器关闭
12.1 配置初始化和销毁方法
- 修改类User, 以及配置bean:
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String username;
private String password;
private Integer age;
public User() {
System.out.println("生命周期:1、创建对象");
}
public User(Integer id, String username, String password, Integer age) {
this.id = id;
this.username = username;
this.password = password;
this.age = age;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
System.out.println("生命周期:2、依赖注入");
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public void initMethod(){
System.out.println("生命周期:3、初始化");
}
public void destroyMethod(){
System.out.println("生命周期:5、销毁");
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", username='" + username + '\'' +
", password='" + password + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
<!-- 使用init-method属性指定初始化方法 -->
<!-- 使用destroy-method属性指定销毁方法 -->
<bean class="com.rocket.spring.bean.User" scope="prototype" init-method="initMethod" destroy-method="destroyMethod">
<property name="id" value="1001"></property>
<property name="username" value="admin"></property>
<property name="password" value="123456"></property>
<property name="age" value="23"></property>
</bean>
注意: 其中的initMethod()
和destroyMethod()
,可以通过配置bean指定为初始化和销毁的方法 测试运行:
@Test
public void testLife(){
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-lifecycle.xml");
User bean = ac.getBean(User.class);
System.out.println("生命周期:4、通过IOC容器获取bean并使用");
ac.close();
}
13. bean的后置处理器
bean的后置处理器会在生命周期的初始化前后添加额外的操作,需要实现BeanPostProcessor接口,且配置到IOC容器中,需要注意的是,bean后置处理器不是单独针对某一个bean生效,而是针对IOC容器中所有bean都会执行。
创建bean的后置处理器MyBeanProcessor, 在beans.xml中配置后置处理器:
package com.rocket.spring.process;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
public class MyBeanProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("☆☆☆" + beanName + " = " + bean);
return bean;
}
@Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("★★★" + beanName + " = " + bean);
return bean;
}
}
<!-- bean的后置处理器要放入IOC容器才能生效 -->
<bean id="myBeanProcessor" class="com.rocket.spring.process.MyBeanProcessor"/>
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
HelloWorld helloWorld = ac.getBean(HelloWorld.class);
helloWorld.sayHello();
UserDao userDao = ac.getBean(UserDao.class);
userDao.getUser();
logger.info("执行完成");
}
运行测试类:
14. FactoryBean
FactoryBean是Spring提供的一种整合第三方框架的常用机制。和普通的bean不同,配置一个FactoryBean类型的bean,在获取bean的时候得到的并不是class属性中配置的这个类的对象,而是getObject()方法的返回值。通过这种机制,Spring可以帮我们把复杂组件创建的详细过程和繁琐细节都屏蔽起来,只把最简洁的使用界面展示给我们。将来我们整合Mybatis时,Spring就是通过FactoryBean机制来帮我们创建SqlSessionFactory对象的。
创建UserFactoryBean.java, 配置spring-factorybean.xml:
package org.springframework.beans.factory;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
public interface FactoryBean<T> {
String OBJECT_TYPE_ATTRIBUTE = "factoryBeanObjectType";
@Nullable
T getObject() throws Exception;
@Nullable
Class<?> getObjectType();
default boolean isSingleton() {
return true;
}
}
package com.rocket.spring.bean;
public class UserFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<User> {
@Override
public User getObject() throws Exception {
return new User();
}
@Override
public Class<?> getObjectType() {
return User.class;
}
}
<bean id="user" class="com.rocket.spring.bean.UserFactoryBean"></bean>
单元测试:
@Test
public void testUserFactoryBean(){
//获取IOC容器
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-factorybean.xml");
User user = (User) ac.getBean("user");
System.out.println(user);
}
15. 基于xml自动装配
自动装配:根据指定的策略,在IOC容器中匹配某一个bean,自动为指定的bean中所依赖的类类型或接口类型属性赋值
创建接口UserController\UserService, 并且UserServiceImpl实现接口UserService, 接口UserDao, 创建类UserDaoImpl实现接口UserDao
package com.rocket.spring.autowire.controller
public class UserController {
private UserService userService;
public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
this.userService = userService;
}
public void saveUser(){
userService.saveUser();
}
}
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
private UserDao userDao;
public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
this.userDao = userDao;
}
@Override
public void saveUser() {
userDao.saveUser();
}
}
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
@Override
public void saveUser() {
System.out.println("userDao --->保存成功");
}
}
配置bean:
使用bean标签的autowire属性设置自动装配效果
自动装配方式:byType
byType:根据类型匹配IOC容器中的某个兼容类型的bean,为属性自动赋值
若在IOC中,没有任何一个兼容类型的bean能够为属性赋值,则该属性不装配,即值为默认值null
若在IOC中,有多个兼容类型的bean能够为属性赋值,则抛出异常NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException
<bean id="userController" class="com.rocket.spring.autowire.controller.UserController" autowire="byType"></bean>
<bean id="userService" class="com.rocket.spring.autowire.service.impl.UserServiceImpl" autowire="byType"></bean>
<bean id="userDao" class="com.rocket.spring.autowire.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"></bean>
自动装配方式:byName
byName:将自动装配的属性的属性名,作为bean的id在IOC容器中匹配相对应的bean进行赋值
<bean id="userController" class="com.rocket.spring.autowire.controller.UserController" autowire="byName"></bean>
<bean id="userService" class="com.rocket.spring.autowire.service.impl.UserServiceImpl" autowire="byName"></bean>
<bean id="userServiceImpl" class="com.rocket.spring.autowire.service.impl.UserServiceImpl" autowire="byName"></bean>
<bean id="userDao" class="com.rocket.spring.autowire.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"></bean>
<bean id="userDaoImpl" class="com.rocket.spring.autowire.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"></bean>
运行测试:
@Test
public void test3(){
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-autowire.xml");
UserController userController = (UserController) ac.getBean("userController");
userController.saveUser();
ac.close();
}
执行结果: